So, just for grins, I asked the interwebs for the their opinion on why studs are used instead of bolts. I ran across
this pile of ridiculous crap, in answer to the very same question I looked up, written by a pair of geniuses who expound like typical wannabe engineers. I never cease to be amazed at what people come up with to justify their self proclaimed "explanations" of the physical world. This is one of the best I've read/heard in a long time.
The linked article is another, less enjoyable, diatribe, but attempts to make a point, or two. The first is that SAE, and all other systems I know of, do not specify clamp load fasteners to resist shear loads. The claim is made that this is why studs are used instead of bolts, because the studs have two threaded areas separated by a "full diameter" area, in the joint. Apparently he's not referring to Toyota designs...and besides, we're talking about a 12-mm or 7/16 diameter body. It's not like the thread depth is 0.100-inch. The diametral reduction is less than the recipe error in the steel production, accounting for the strength (that's why all steel is advertised with a strength range, and not a strength value).
The second is that studs are used when threaded into cast or forged parts, to reduce the wear, due to thread stretch, that would occur when the fastener is repeatedly installed/removed. I could almost buy this for cast parts, but not forged parts, which are made from rolled material (just try to forge a casting). In addition to that, he's obviously never seen the studs on my trucks, which can't stay in their holes to save their lives. I could maybe buy the argument for cast material only, if the studs would stay in when installed, but I've seen them do that less than 50% of the time; not exactly an engineering target I'd count on in calculations). The bolts I install stay in the castings better than the studs; so much so they break more often than they come out.
This is what happens when I get bored and don't have pressing matters to attend to. I think I'll go clean my shop.