@jonheld can confirm, but if you broke the wiring on the coolant temp sensor, the engine needs that sensor signal to run the fuel pump. That would be why you're not getting a CEL with key on.
Don't bypass the fusible links if it has made no change. Put them back in. They are there to keep your truck from burning to the ground.
If the battery is dead, why not recharge it? You seem to be wanting to shoot the parts cannon at the truck instead of actually diagnosing the issue.
Do you have spark? Pull a plug wire and check it. If yes, then move on to fuel system.
Do you have fuel pressure? Check the Schrader valve or crack the line on the injector rail to see if pressure squirts out. The fuel pump on these will NOT run unless the engine is CRANKING or the COR is bypassed and shorted properly.
Stop creating problems by taking apart stuff that is not part of this.
If the belts broke and wrecked stuff, look to figure out everything it wrecked. Did the water pump seize to cause the belts to break and overheat? Did it actually overheat or did the wire break off and then the gauge registered hot?
The CEL will not come on if the ECU doesn't have the correct information given to it. It does NOT mean it doesn't have power. The CEL will only come on if the ECU is satisfied everything is in place to start. That means it can receive signal from sensors as well as power to it.
The 3FE does not typically have head gasket issues.
If you broke the wire on the coolant sensor, it's NOT reading the ambient temperature of the engine compartment. I would start here because that would make it so the fuel pump won't run.