PabloCruise
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But is there a baseline resistance that is based on the speaker design specs?OK, I really didn’t want to turn this into an audio engineering tutorial.
V = IR is just half of it. P = IV is the other half.
See attached.
Voltage is basically fixed for any impedance… sort of. It may be slightly lower in voltage gain with lower impedance and higher current, but it's basically fixed.
Because voltage (V) is the same, with more impedance (R), the current (I) goes down, and the power (P) goes down. Too much current will make the magic smoke come out of your amp. When you let the smoke out, the circuit ceases to work.
As an example: 6 ohm home receivers happened because the standard "8 ohm" home speakers kept going down in actual impedance, (because: loudness) and amps that were at the limit with 8 ohms were being over driven. Speaker manufacturers do this to get higher power into a speaker for high sound presume levels (SPL, aka how loud a speaker plays) versus the competition.
The resistance of a speaker is actually a function of frequency, not one value. For example, an 8 ohm speaker may have resistance as low as 6 ohms in the mid-range, and as high as 100 ohms at the resonant peak. This allows for a certain … “creativity” in creating speaker impedance specifications. The marketing department will have its way.
Attached is an example (from Wikipedia) of an actual speaker's resistance versus frequency... note that the resistance goes off the chart at the higher frequencies, and peaks at well over 30 ohms at resonance.
TL;DR: drop the speaker impedance too low and you stand a chance of over-driving the amplifier.
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