I think the issue is fixed! BAD WHEEL SPEED SENSOR!
After figuring out which sensors were giving me a speed reading on my OBD2 through unplugging different sensors on transmission, the final option was wheel speed sensors and it turned out this is where the speed was being derived from. Jacked up 1 rear wheel while in accessory mode, spun it hard and sure enough the speed value on my app moved.
Then, using the FSM, I wrote down the resistance value range for speed sensors. Note- fronts and rears have different values. Fronts and driver rear were all in spec. THEN, I looked at passenger rear and the wire was almost completely gone. Only a couple strands holding it together. Below is a photo.
Also, the way the rear passenger wiring is done, it is a REALLY TIGHT fit with strain on wire. Other 3 seem totally fine, no strain. To be fair, this is probably original sensor and still had 335k before starting to short out.
As for replacing, no local dealer had sensor in stock and dealership price was like $330. I went to AutoZone and picked up a duralast branded sensor. I happily discovered that the "duralast" speed sensor was made in Japan with Aisin on the sensor. $130 for Japanese made sensor, most likely near OEM quality.
Since changing sensor, I have driven about 250 miles of varied driving on specific routes that have consistently "triggered" losing 4th. So far, no issues at all. I will be doing a 600ish mile road trip to Northern California next week, so that will be the final test and I will report back.
Thank you to everyone who has posted and sent messages trying to help. This issues has turned into an opportunity for me to learn much more about this 100 series.
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