... Just wondering though...is it all _really_ snake oil?
The answer would be yes, maybe. The correct answer will take some typing:
The motor is pretty much an air pump/compressor with a combustion cycle. If you have run a compressor, you know how much water they can squeeze out of the air, a motor does the same thing, on a larger scale, they are larger displacement than most air compressors. Moisture is the #1 contributor/enabler to engine sludge.
Modern motors are well setup to deal with it, if allowed to. In a hot motor, the moisture, excess fuel, etc, are rapidly vaporized and pulled off by the PVC system, as a vapor, burned and sent out through the exhaust. Motor oil, when hot and sprayed, slung at speed, is a very good solvent. Most contaminates, water, fuel, acids, etc, will quickly be distilled/evaporated out of oil. A motor that is run predominantly/often at operating temp will be clean, never have sludge/carbon problems.
The problem comes on motors that are run in the short trip cycle, predominantly run cool. When cool, the motor runs rich, it doesn’t deal with moisture as well, so a much higher percentage of moisture, fuel, etc, ends up in the crankcase. Just as the motor is warming, it is turned off, some/most of the contaminates vaporize, but there is no circulation, so the vapor rises in the motor and as the motor cools, it condenses on the valve cover, in the breather box, etc. It can often be seen on the oil cap as a tan goop. When the motor is restarted this goop is drawn into the intake and spattered around, on valves, pistons, etc. The motor is driven about the same time/distance and turned off, during heat soak the globs of goop are cooked onto the intake, valves, etc, and a fresh load of goop is made in the motor. Keep repeating and you have a sludge, carbon filled motor.
Velocity, circulation is also important. There are well meaning automotive “experts” that will preach that you should drive as little as possible and always like there is an egg on the accelerator. This is the best way to get good gas mileage, for a while, also a great plan for building sludge. Take some oil, pour some water into it, it will sink to the bottom, even if warmed, it is not coming out. Spray the warmed mixture in a warmed vertical surface and allow it to run back into the container, wow, the water is gone. Take some of the cool oil, try to clean with it, not a very good cleaner, warm it to ~200F and spray it with good velocity, good cleaner. The oil pump is a gear displacement unit, in other words; at idle, ~600 rpm it will pump X amount of oil, at 2400 rpm will pump x times 4, at 4800 rpm will pump X times 8. This is true of all flow in the motor, air intake, exhaust, oil, coolant, etc. Much less stuff sticks, more is broken loose, vapors, purging, etc, are much better handled when fluids are moving with velocity.
There are two old mechanics tails that have some truth: First, driven by a grandma, only to church. Yep, could spot them every time, motors full of sludge, did oil changes to the book, used only the “best” oil, fuel, etc, and they are a mess. Drive it like a rental to blow the carbon out. Yep, motors that are more often used somewhat harder, like they are designed to be used, are almost always much cleaner, even with less than “perfect” maintenance. If grandma’s rig had a load put on it once in a while, it wouldn’t have the problems.
So, IMHO advertising like: Our oil prevents sludge, our gas has magic in it, you need all of these $$$ additives, are BS, snake oil, period. If the fluids meet the latest spec, the rig is maintained and correctly used, they should never be needed and are a waste of $$$. If you have an abused motor, sometimes chemicals can make an improvement, but often water drawn into the intake is more effective and cheaper. Most times, simply pumping the tank full of gas and taking a nice, spirited, country/highway drive will do just as much good and is much more fun.
