Holy cow, I really thought some of you guys knew more about the venerable 22RE than this. OK, here's my input:
Pic 1: the distributor on the EFI engines does not have a vacuum advance. The ECU controls the ignition advance. That aluminum part you are referring to is NOT on the distributor, it is on the power steering pump. It's function is to increase the engine idle very slightly if you are at full-lock on the steering, so the engine has enough power to run the pump at maximum pressure.
Pic in post #7: that is the idle up controller, it is part of the AC system. Trucks without AC won't have this thing. When you turn the AC on, a VSV on the valve cover sends vacuum to this thing, which causes the engine idle to increase. Based on your pic #2 in post 3, your VSV is MISSING, so your AC system might not even work properly now. It's supposed to be in the middle if the valve cover, right behind the TOYOTA logo. I am also guessing that the wire connector you posted later on is supposed to attach to this missing VSV.
Tip: The little white knob is where you can set how much the engine idle increases with the AC on. Kinda handy, as I currently don't have the belt on my compressor (compressor is leaking), but if I push my AC switch on the dash, I still get the idle increase. Good for keeping the battery charged up while winching.
Comment: my FSM has never let me down with all this stuff. It's all in there, where each thing goes, where each hose connects, how to test each component, etc. You just have to be patient, read carefully. I find a MitiVac tool very handy to testing devices that work under vacuum.
Haha, I never said I knew anything about them, I was just taking pictures lol.
And yeah, I'm going to one up you and do a 20hp yellow paint on my valve cover!
