The purpose of the resistor is to drop the voltage to the coil while the engine is running. When cranking the engine the resistor is bypassed to give the coil the full battery voltage. When cranking the engine, the battery voltage drops from the load of the starter motor just when you want the hottest spark to start the cranking engine. This is why the resistor is bypassed and full battery voltage is applied to the coil to create the hottest spark to help start the engine. After the engine starts, the resistor is in series with the coil to reduce the voltage to the coil so the coil runs at a lower voltage (6 - 9 volts) which is good enough for a running engine and the coil doesn't overheat. The wire from the ignition switch (start position) that goes to the starter motor solenoid also goes to the coil so when the solenoid is powered (engine cranking) full battery voltage is also applied to the coil.
Hope this helps,
Ed