I would never ask you to "take my word for it", google it.
You'll find that the most commonly used electrodes (6011,6010,7018,etc) have very high tensile strengths (psi).
The first number in the designation is the tensile strength, the second denotes the position the electrode is suitable for (1=all position) the last.. refers to various characteristics such as flux composition, burn rate, etc...
"MIG" wires typically go 60-70K as well.
Of course, tensile strength is not the only consideration. Adequate penetration must be had to ensure a proper weld. From what I can see, the welds on his winch buddy appear to be fine for his purpose, so I'm not "guessing", just suggesting that everyone pay attention to it.
Like you, I am a stickler for safety anytime a winch is involved. Believe me, if I had seen anything "suspect" about his winch buddy, I would be the first to point it out.
As for the trailer ball being launched, was it "welded" on?
You are the one who used the word "assume" in your initial post about penetration of the weld. I was not trying to throw the word back in your face. I know nothing about welding. Just suggesting an easy implemented, practicable, possibly safer design.
The ball was being used as recovery point. I was a kid. It popped off. ZING!