How to drive an 80-series off-road

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In July, I posted a thread: Lockers, why you want them and how/when to use them:

Lockers - why you want them and how/when to use them

I installed ARB lockers in my 1995 80-series in 2010. Until I installed them in my rig I had never been in a vehicle off-road that had lockers. I obviously didn’t know how to make use of them. I had done considerable searching for videos on Mud and YouTube to learn about lockers and thought I would pass the information along to others who might have the same questions. Those videos are in the thread above.

Since I originally posted this thread it has become clear to me that what I really wanted to start was a thread on how to most effectively drive an 80-series off-road.

Every day I see posts where someone has posted up photos of challenging wheeling they have done but there is no explanation of how they picked their line and how they used their rig most effectively to successfully traverse the challenge.

In this thread I am looking for people to post thoughts and especially videos about how they attack the challenges of driving off-road in various conditions including sand, snow, mud, ice, steep inclines/declines, loose gravelly or caliche inclines/declines, large rock surfaces (like Moab) how to attack deep ruts and uneven terrain, short steep ditches and anything else you have done that can require experience to manage.

1. How do you avoid getting stuck in each of these situations and if you do, how do you get out?

2. What are the situations where you could roll your truck and how can you best avoid it?

3. How do you use a winch effectively and avoid injury.

4. How and when do you use your lockers in each of the conditions mentioned above.

5. How should you use a high lift jack and live to tell about it.

6. When do you air down and how do you decide how much is enough.

7. How do you decide when to call it a day and back off of any of the conditions mentioned above.

8. Anything else you have learned in your years of wheeling that could be helpful to someone who hasn't attacked that specific challenge.

Think of this thread as an ongoing primer for people who have never wheeled in the conditions you are describing. For example, I am 60 years old, been driving off-road since I was 14 and I have never wheeled in the snow in mountainous conditions. It would be extremely helpful for someone to post up a few videos on how to wheel in the snow, what to watch out for, when to use the lockers and when not to use them and how to decide when to go no further before it is too late.

Fairly short videos where you instruct and then demonstrate will be most helpful!

If taken seriously and done correctly this thread could help people avoid damage to their vehicle, avoide tearing up the trail, avoid spending time getting out of trouble and potentially save their lives.

I am sure we are going to get some rather humorous videos where someone instructs and then screws up which will make the thread both entertaining and educational especially if they also film the recovery.
In addition, it would be nice to see some of the people whose posts I have been reading for years in a video sharing their skills.

No matter what, some people are going to bash your ideas but there will be others who offer helpful tips that make you a better wheeler. There is no doubt that some of the best off-roaders in the world frequent this site. Mud could easily function as an educational forum for both how to build a capable rig as well as how to use it effectively.

Here is an example video (too long) about “How to drive off-road” that was made by a British guy who knows Land Rovers. He covers a lot of good information but there are many conditions he doesn’t touch on and he isn’t addressing how to effectively use an 80 series which is what people in this section are looking for:

 
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Originally from Michigan, I learned to air "way down" out in Silver Lake Stare Park. I went to 12lbs and still struggled climbing the bigger dunes. I met an older Cruiser owner out there that could idle up everything out there while everyone else had to hit these hills "wide open". After getting sick of beating on my cruiser I asked him what his truck was......5lbs in each tire! My bro and I thought he was f'ing with us, but tried it. (No beadlocks on any of the 3) and Holy Sh**! What a difference! Night and day!
Now I live on the coast of NC, and whenever on the beach I go to 5lbs. and go! Been doing it like that for close to 30 years, and have never ran a tire off the rim! (33/12.50/15 on STOCK rims) And I drive however I feel like! Sorry, no pics...too busy driving to be taking "poser" shots!
 
You need to go on a run with some experienced drivers. Watching videos and reading about it is worthless in comparison.

I'm DFW area has at least one 4x4 club. If you don't feel comfortable taking your vehicle ask to ride along with someone. Everything you asked about above is best learned in the real world.

If I have a source of air I'll go down to about 15 psi. Lower is fine, but for the types of trails most 80 owners tackle 15 psi is plenty low.

As far as things to think about specific to an 80 series:

- The rear control arm brackets hang up on EVERYTHING.

- If you have to lock the front diff try not to turn the steering wheel to full lock in forward or reverse. Birfields are much weaker when turned all the way. They won't instantly explode, but you need to keep it in mind.



Again, an hour on a trail is worth 100 hours on the internet. Get out there!
 
Its a gut feeling you get from 20years on the trail. I have personally wheeled my FJ60 since I was 15 (33 now) so I have learned what I can do with it and what I cant. I follow guys with bigger tires, more flex, lower gears, and locked up front and rear, and they look at me at each challenge wondering how I make it. I cant put it to words except to get out there with others. Never wheel alone.

Air pressure does help a lot, I will go to 3 psi in the snow with no bead lock (33x12.5R15 on 15x8 rims). You just need to know that at that low of air pressure when you turn do it gently or you can pop a bead. In that case keep a can of starting fluid handy for re setting the bead.
 
Running with a good driver is an eye-opener. Much of what they do is intuitive and difficult to verbalize. The closest analogy that comes to mind is a great pool player. It's all about angles and where you want the cue ball to be at the end of the shot.

One of our local club's former members that has since moved to another state repeatedly shamed much more "capable" trucks with a stock FJ40 on 29 inch tires.
 
So far, everyone seems to have the same opinion I do....." you have to get seat time in order to learn how YOUR vehicle will respond to each situation". No video will prepare you for the feeling of going down a steep hill, dropping a front tire into a "bunny hole" and your ass "puckering up" when your back tires start to go into the air! Lol.... It's how you "respond" to that feeling where the seat time comes into play.... a rookie stomps on the binders....possibley "endowing" their rig.... where as an experienced operator who has been there... done that... will tap the throttle a bit to set it back down..... again...all experience..... get out and enjoy what you bought or built!! We have all been "cherries" at one time!
 
Find yourself a wheeling buddy who is experienced. Probably don't want to ask the guy that has body damage all over his rig. Go out and wheel with this person and let them push you past your comfort zone. That's how you start to learn what your truck can do. I have a friend who ran jeeps up until last year. Goes to CO all the time, has wheeled all the scariest trails between here and there. He knows how to pick a line and watching him and wheeling with him for the last few years has helped me immensely. Once you've done it enough you will start to feel what your rig can do.
 
Running with a good driver is an eye-opener. Much of what they do is intuitive and difficult to verbalize. The closest analogy that comes to mind is a great pool player. It's all about angles and where you want the cue ball to be at the end of the shot.

One of our local club's former members that has since moved to another state repeatedly shamed much more "capable" trucks with a stock FJ40 on 29 inch tires.



To me that was the BEST, and most re-assuring way! I ran with my bro-in-law who has wheeled since he was a kid (farm boy) and just followed him. If there was something I was unsure of... I'd key the mic and he would tell me "stay left" or "big drop 3/4 way thru"....calmed my nerves knowing I had (have) him to help me, or yank me out of the mud, or help turn wrenches, etc!!
 
Yep...just follow someone more experienced than yourself. 1st step is actually getting out there instead of sitting back on a laptop ordering s*** to make your truck more capable.
 
Seat time is the only way to learn. Pass or driver. I also think it important to spend time in a truck that is less capable. I see many drivers in massively modified buggies that can't drive. Spend some time in a open diff truck with small tires and learn how to get that around the trails. Then use that knowledge to make a locked truck work better.
 
Good thread. Only thing I'd add is formal instruction is great. I have no where near as much experience as a lot of guys here, planning on taking a class at uwharrie in the next few months.

My experience with learning anything is that someone who formally teaches it is usually much better at explaining what is happening and why they are doing what they're doing. There is certainly value in going with someone more seasoned than yourself, but a teacher will likely be able to translate everything into terms you can better understand.
 
Good thread. Only thing I'd add is formal instruction is great. I have no where near as much experience as a lot of guys here, planning on taking a class at uwharrie in the next few months.

My experience with learning anything is that someone who formally teaches it is usually much better at explaining what is happening and why they are doing what they're doing. There is certainly value in going with someone more seasoned than yourself, but a teacher will likely be able to translate everything into terms you can better understand.


I "helped" instruct that course 2 years ago.... good course with a LOT of knowledge instructing! Everyone is welcome, and nobody gets looked at funny because of what they Drive .... it's about allowing EVERYONE .... from the Subaru Forester guys to the $60000-$70000 guys. What they teach is how to wheel safely, as well as how to wheel responsibly.(so we don't lose URE like we lost Telico!) Because.... believe it or not.... everyday tree huggers are looking for "ammo" to shut down more and more trails!!..... PLEASE PEOPLE... IF YOU REMEMBER NOTHING ELSE, PLEASE REMEMBER TO TREAD LIGHTLY!!! Losing Telico still hurts!!
 
I "helped" instruct that course 2 years ago.... good course with a LOT of knowledge instructing! Everyone is welcome, and nobody gets looked at funny because of what they Drive .... it's about allowing EVERYONE .... from the Subaru Forester guys to the $60000-$70000 guys. What they teach is how to wheel safely, as well as how to wheel responsibly.(so we don't lose URE like we lost Telico!) Because.... believe it or not.... everyday tree huggers are looking for "ammo" to shut down more and more trails!!..... PLEASE PEOPLE... IF YOU REMEMBER NOTHING ELSE, PLEASE REMEMBER TO TREAD LIGHTLY!!! Losing Telico still hurts!!
Glad to hear that! I am pretty excited about the course.

And I gotta agree wholeheartedly. Nothing worse than seeing some dumbass gunning it and spinning tires allover every surface eroding the s*** out of it. Usually these are the same guys who leave beer cans everywhere too..
 
I think understanding the mechanics of the whole deal is critical to execution. Bouncing on obstacles is murder on components, bumping your axle housing into a rock is no biggie etc
 
The comments above about driving with experienced drivers and seat time being the best teachers are 100% correct.

As I mentioned in the original post, I am 60 and have been wheeling since I was 14. I have had my 80 series since 1997 and drove it stock until 2010. I am a pretty experienced wheeler in an 80 series with various configurations. That doesn't mean I can't still learn from others.

I am looking to create a post to pass along the knowledge over the web. I learned how to use lockers from videos on YouTube and I have gotten pretty good over the last 7 years at knowing when to use them, how to use them and when not to use them. I took on some pretty crazy challenges before I had them and added them specifically because I watched YouTube videos that explained why they helped.

This is one single example of how a video (or Mud) can be helpful.

If you can follow an experienced driver up a specific line and learn from it, you can video that driver driving up that line, then video yourself driving up it and explain what you learned from them.

In fact, you don't even have to make a video. You can simply explain challenging situations you have encountered and how to avoid trouble.

You'll be helping those who haven't done it yet. If none of us post helpful hints about how to be a more effective off-road driver, we are missing an opportunity to extend the usefulness of the Mud site.
 
I consider myself an experienced off road driver. I learned to drive many years ago in an unlocked 40 series landcruiser. The best advice I have ever been given is to "pick your line, and walk it". Even to this day I like to stop at the beggining of an obstacle and walk it with my hands out like a crazy person. I have been laughed at by people in other trucks doing this and then proceeded to help them get up the obstacle in their new $$$ rubicon. Once I pick that line that I feel will work that is what i stick with. I always try to climb an obstacle (or go down an obstacle) with the least amount of slipping. Knowing when and where you need more throttle is important and only comes with experience. I know alot of people don't turn on their lockers until they need them. I do the opposite. I feel if I have the tools I will use them on any obstacle that is reasonably hard. I think the slickest thing is when you can tackle a hard obstacle by picking the perfect line, with little to no wheel spin and make it look easy.
 
I will add that at a minimum you should be able to air up and down your tires. I go to 20 psi even on fire roads just to make the driving more comfortable. If I am rock crawling, 8-12 psi.

Also, the drivers going UP the obstacle usually has the right of way. Many people don't adhere to this. Going down is usually always easier and you should yield to those going up.
 
I just read this very recent thread. I learned several things I wasn't aware of before reading it. Very scary but all turned out OK. Sharing the story is valuable to all of us and is precisely what I'd like to see more of on Mud!

Bad decisions make great memories...eventually.
 
I often wheel alone or should I say solo rig. That being said when it comes to tire pressure, I don't automatically drop to my lowest comfortable pressure. I tend to drop a little bit to soften up the trail then if I cant make an obstacle I drop down to around 10psi and usually crawl over it with ease. By doing so it gives me more options to get myself unstuck instead of getting in too deep right off the bat. I would treat lockers the same way if my lx was lucky enough to have them. And if need be I use my hilift as a winch more so than a jack.

I used to get out into some crazy soft sand spots back on the east coast to go fishing in my '94 camry. Sure I'd drag pan and occasionally rip my exhaust off at the muffler, but I would get everywhere I needed to go on some 15" all seasons. Lifted Jeeps would always give me a hard time but actions speak louder than words.

Oh! and I always go prepared to Hoof it out if need be, no matter the situation.
 
Time on the trail trumps all. Know where your tires are and the balance points of your truck. to get a feel for wheel positions, mess around and try to run over pinecones in the road with one tire or 2 at speed. Industrial areas of cities are great to mess around with make-shift RTI ramps on loading docks. Be careful not to trespass though. weekends they are usually empty. all that comes with experience. I couldn't tell you how to pick a line very well over the internet but I do think the mark of a good offroad driver is being able to spot a good line without exiting the vehicle . if you know your truck and can estimate distances precisely picking lines is easy.


Edit: this next section on air pressure is controversial, it does not apply to the average mud member.

I almost never air down. I wheel pretty well aired up for most trips (40PSI). Yes It is rougher to wheel. however for most obstacles There isn't a need to air down in my opinion. I also don't like carting my 20lb CO2 Tank around or finding air at a gas station. It is a hassle to air down with how much I drive on plain dirt roads and mild offroad trails. I do air down for bigger trails and the beach. when I do air down its usually 15-20PSI, I have never lost a bead at any PSI from 5-40PSI and I drive my vehicles hard.

Offroad your long wheel base truck (80) is far more stable to tipping compared to a 40 series. you can get away with a lot of air time on your wheels without flopping (see attached photo). With that being said, the break over point constantly changes depending on terrain in rocks. What didn't tip you on one obstacle can topple you on another with what feel like more stable situations. There is a very distinct feeling in the suspension when it loads up and starts hitting the danger zone of toppling. In my opinion the only way to know that feeling is to get to that danger zone.

Winches are dangerous, mostly from other people using them. My advice on those is lots of research online or a class. I do have a few rules on winches and attaching anything to my vehicle that will be load bearing (straps, shackles, winch lines etc)
1. ALWAYS inspect rigging the you didn't attach before pulling. If it doesn't look safe, it probably isn't. The only time I do not do this is with certain people I know who are professional riggers and very good friends that I completely trust with my truck and life.
2. ONE person is in charge of the entire scene and all pulls. Usually that is the person pulling or the most experienced spotter.
3. Never attach anything to a hitchball. only use secure load points.
4. Throw away steel line and just buy synthetic, its safer for everyone in winch situations. I don't want to get sued over injury or death on my vacation, synthetic line is my insurance to reduce hazards.

Hi-lifts are the best tool for those that know how to use them. I have used a hi-lift more than any other rescue tool I own. The key is to throw them in other peoples rigs when they are muddy though. Know exactly how to use them and the risks before you hit the trail. I think Hi-lifts are far more dangerous than winches.

I have no idea how to call it a day and quit early. I just push through which would be why I went on the Rubicon last night in the snow and ice at 2am... We did bail a couple miles in and turn around because we got jobs and stuff.

Other pointers, carry multiple good flashlights they are super useful and 2 is one and one is none.
clean all straps after use by rinsing with water than run a rag down them like a squeegee, it takes the dirt out and extends the life of the strap.
Always carry snacks, I work in the woods and I cant tell you how many times I got stuck in the field longer than I wanted.
Know what is exposed where on our truck underneath and know what can be damaged in the field that is not mission critical and what must be repaired.
For large groups: I get annoyed when people have to constantly get out of their vehicle in groups when there is a spotter. stay in the dang truck and trust the spotter. it holds up the line when everyone gets out to look at the trail every 100 feet. TRUST YOUR SPOTTER

I like this thread. Ill add in more as I go. I just snagged a dashcam and I have a go-pro deal so Ill have more videos soon.
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IMG_0383.webp


I was on 2 wheels here. I accidentally picked that rock up with a slider.
 
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