37" tires will definitely make it feel slower, my brother's HDJ81 is running 33's and maintains 60-70mph on hills, usually running 1250-1350ºF. If I had to guess I'd say there isn't anything wrong with your engine or drivetrain, these things run hotter than many people think in stock form, especially traveling in North American highway conditions. If you really put your foot into it on flat ground does it move out pretty well? Short hard pulls at high EGT won't cause any harm, I've seen north of 1650ºF on my TDI a couple of times and run it at over 1300ºF for extended periods, though I try not to do that.
Having owned a couple of 2L-TE powered LandCruisers I can sympathize with constant concern over EGT's and having to keep backing off the throttle. Ideally I would recommend fitting an intercooler, but in the absence of that you can turn up the boost a bit and adjust fueling to keep exhaust temps in check under heavy throttle. It isn't super well tuned, but my brother's HDJ81 is fairly quick (by diesel LandCruiser standards) and doesn't run scary hot. Definitely much faster than when I owned it in stock form.
Getting passed by all and sundry is pretty much a fact of life for us diesel LC owners! I generally cruise at 75-77mph (around 120km/h) on the interstate around here and still get passed regularly by almost everyone, including semis. They're the only ones I catch up with on the hills.