Here are the relative strengths of the material - the number you're most interested in is the yield strength
7075-T6 Aluminum
Physical and Mechanical Properties Ultimate Tensile Strength, psi 83,000
Yield Strength, psi 73,000
Brinell Hardness 150
Rockwell Hardness B87
Chemistry Aluminum (Al) 87.1 - 91.4%
Zinc (Zn) 5.1 - 6.1% max
Copper (Cu) 1.2 - 2.0%
Chromium (Cr) 0.18 - 0.28%
Iron (Fe) 0.5 max
Magnesium (Mg) 2.1 - 2.9%
Manganese (Mn) 0.3% max
A513 (alloy 1020-1026) Steel
ASTM A513 alloys 1020 - 1026 Mild (low-carbon) steel
Minimum Properties Ultimate Tensile Strength, psi 87,000
Yield Strength, psi 72,000
Elongation 10.0%
Rockwell Hardness B89
Chemistry Iron (Fe) 99.08 - 99.53%
Carbon (C) 0.18 - 0.23%
Manganese (Mn) 0.3 - 0.6%
Phosphorus (P) 0.04% max
Sulfur (S) 0.05% max
You can see that the aluminum would be stronger because there is more of it - however, solid rod steel would be a bit stronger.
All that said, I wouldn't use the aluminum because you need the elasticity of steel. Once the 7075 cracks, it's done. If it cracks, you won't see it (as it's inside the tube) until the bar bends again - and that could happen catastrophically. By using similar materials, you get the same rates of expansion and the same rates of elasticity. All that said, if you really want it to be as hard as possible - melt down some brass and fill it.