Thanks for the reply, helping me understand this better! Last question: would a “bad battery” be on the list of potential causes? If so, I assume the voltage at the battery terminals themselves would also drop under load from the fridge running?Custom 3D printed piece.
You can isolate where the problem(s) are by measuring the voltage drop along the line. With the fridge running (engine on and off) measure at the battery, accessory panel, and fridge. So for your measurements, it sounds like with the engine on you went from
Engine off, fridge on
Battery V (?) >>>Accessory panel (11.2V)>>>>Fridge (10v)
Engine on, fridge on
Battery V(?)>>>>Accessory Panel (13V)>>>>>Fridge (12V)
You probably have some voltage drop between the battery and panel, but without a voltage measurement at the battery it's hard to know how much. The voltage drop between the accessory panel and fridge is not great. You're losing ~10% just from the panel to the fridge, either due to poor connection or small wires, or combination of both. In total your voltage drop might be as high as 15-20% between battery and fridge, when you should be probably aiming for <10%, and ideally <3%.
I think the LV cutoff for the edgestars is at 10.4V. The older ones are non-adjustable, the newer ones I think have 3 settings. Either way, the solution is the same. Minimize the number of connections, maximize wire size.