I ended up going with butyl tape for my 3rd brake light leak. I'm down in VaBeach and it went through tropical storm Colin right after we did it, no problems. Worth a try before you go straight into RTV or any sealant that might be a bit harder to remove if necessary. Re: the rear, Like
@pavieSD said just pull that seal back and check it. Mine was nasty like yours and I used a citrus based cleaner and it got everything up. As for the seat hardware corrosion, it's probably fine unless it's full on rust, then I'd replace them. My rear second and third row seats are permanently out so if you want a photo of anything just PM me. Side note: you can just unbolt your seats and take the entire rear carpet out and clean it, worth it if there's any smell leftover from it sitting damp in the heat.