@bj424x4 sure! Simply, the system is specced with a lower rated glow plug than the base voltage of the truck. An example is 14v plugs on a 24v truck.
The system is designed to open a relay and hit the 14v plugs with the full 24v, thereby super heating them quickly for a few seconds: when your dash light is on. The timer then closes the relay before burning out the plugs. This phase is called the SuperGlow phase.
Then the timer opens another relay that sends voltage to the plugs with a reduction of voltage closer to the rating of the plugs, so around 12v. This is a longer cycle which is stopped when the plugs reach a set temperature, measured by the timer by reading the resistance on the plugs (resistance increases when temperature increases). This is the standard glow phase.
The system was designed to allow for faster preheating and therefore quicker starting and driving. It is assumed this was due to drivers impatience with having to wait for the 20 to 30 seconds of a normal standard glow system.
The expected operation of the system was for the driver to turn the key and the glow light would come on (SuperGlow) for a few seconds and then the driver could start the engine. The timer would then start the secondary standard glow cycle to continue to heat the cylinders and smooth out the engine while it was running and warming up.
When I lived in cold climates I could operate my engine like it was designed, but I preferred to do a full cycle without starting the engine, waiting a few seconds after the second glow ended, and then start it after a second super glow cycle, as the designers intended.
Hope that helps explain it.