Getting excited to try this little wagon out hope to be done this weekend...
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Good to see someone willing to have a go at something like this. Having engineered such a coupler I'd like to make some suggestions.
Shorten the tube between the two pivot bolts. This lowers the leverage on the vertical bolt and will allow that pivot to wear a lot longer.
Sleeve the holes in the tube for the bolts. Increases the bearing area. Right now the total bearing area is the thickness of the tube wall times ~1/3 of the circumference of the hole, which isn't much and will wear fairly fast. May be able to use some drilled out & cut-down pipe nipples or something like them for this. Could even add grease zerks at the middle of the sleeves if so inclined.
Get longer pivot bolts. The usual Rule of Thumb is at least one bolt diameter should stick out past the end of the nut. The other Rule of Thumb is that the un-threaded shoulder of the bolt needs to extend at least 1/2 thru the far side tab. Using up to 3 washers per side to space a long bolt so that the nut doesn't run out of threads before getting tight is an acceptable practice. This mostly is to give you a little time to catch a nut backing off before it disappears, but also to insure that bolt threads are not placed in Shear as the bolt is quite a bit weaker there than in the shoulder. the threads are also a little smaller than the shoulder, so placing some shoulder in both holes greatly reduces 'rocking' movement. Nylocks can and do back off. I prefer to use all metal locking nuts when the assembly isn't expected to need to come back apart (those nuts usually destroy the bolt threads on removal). With something critical I've been known to drill a hole thru the end of the bolt and twist some safety wire (high tech baling wire) or bend a cotter pin thru the hole so that there is no way for the nut to back all the way off and get lost. But this wouldn't be the first time that I've been accused of overkill....
Place a piece of 1/4" thick minimum strap with it's side up against one of the bolt head flats with the tiniest gap and weld the ends of the strap in place. This will keep the bolts from turning, which will reduce the possibility of the nuts backing off and will force the pivoting to happen between the bolt and the sleeves in the short piece of tube.
The 'articulation" pivot's 'U' bracket wants to be flush up to the vertical plate across the end of the tongue with the cutting board material directly sandwiched between them. Make the smallest of the two contact areas as big as you possibly can.
Cutting board material is brilliant, those are usually made from high density polyethylene. While there are better choices in materials for such a use, but not ones that are radically better and none that are so easily sourced.