My very personal take, not being a professional and especially not having a whole lot of experience!
All these things are extremely polarizing! and you never know how much care whomever took. All paints are adhering to surfaces the same way that adhesive does (and this is the industry I'm in).
Point 1:
Adhesion happens on the first few nm of a surface. Put any contaminant on and no material will stick as well as on very clean surfaces.
Yes, there are VERY specific materials to deal with oiled surfaces, but that is also very specified which oil in which layer and then the adhesive is specifically developed to take this amount of oil up.
Point 2:
Any rust is always on top of "fresh material". Even an "untouched" aluminum oxide layer on 80/20 bars or so is changing! So for perfect results you want to have it reproducible and fresh --> remove rust
Point 3:
All material chemistries have their pro's/ con's. Some have better bulk properties to resist water ingress, some not. Yes, oil based paints typically have a better resistance as the oil already has hydrophobic properties.
I also read a few threads where people did a proper full scale POR15 treatment and then used Fluid Film as final barrier layer being more flexible and less chipping.
Point 4:
I personally don't have real rust, just some "imperfections". Seeing this frame 25 years in CA I'm very sure another layer of anything will not lead to a downturn in longelivity.
Point 5:
ih8mud is not the only forum. For my van I'm in a different forum and the people always use POR in all areas without direct sun light (polyurethanes are not UV stable, which is why your PU windshield adhesive is covered by the blackprint on the windshield; the point design you can find on most cars is only to make it visually nicer appearance

).
A friend from Michigan is in the hot rod scene: using POR15.
I met some jeepers using POR15 on their (non daily driver) rigs and they're happy.
Point 6:
I got POR 15 left :-D