Second exhaust valve from left in the top picture *might* have a minor seat issue. If these are induction hardened exhaust seats (as opposed to hard insert seats) then grinding them will go thru the hardening. I'd suggest just biting the bullet and going with hard insert seats for at least the exhausts if the head will allow it and doesn't already have them.
My machine shop uses HOT water in the ports for a qwik and simple test to gauge how good or bad the seal is on a cyl head coming in for work. Prop the head on it's side and carefully fill each port with hot water. Look for water leaking past the valve/seat interface. It's a qwik & simple way to find the problem valves.
I try to always use the biggest extractor that will fit, which means that I try to drill out the stuck bolt almost to minor diameter of the threads. I also prefer the square type of a extractor rather than the spiral type for this.
Get the right size tap and chase the head bolt threads before you go much further. Iron taps the best dry, no lube. Iron is very abrasive and will dull the tap faster with lube (ironic, huh?).