I've posted a couple of times in the Trail Rides section as we've been making that trip for 8 yrs but IMO if you're going to go there from here you really need to hit Moab either on the way there or the way back for at least a day or two. The route from Moab to Telluride around the La Sal Mtns is fantastic. Of course both places, Moab and the San Juans, deserve a lot of time to truly explore but I feel it's always been worth my time to stop in Moab even for just a day on the way.
If you want a little decadence while in the San Juans we've always enjoyed staying at the Peaks Resort in Telluride when they run a $99/night special via the internet - worth every penny. The campgrounds in the area are really nice but be advised the later in the summer you go, the worse the flies/mosquitos become and the greater the likelihood of consistent afternoon showers (monsoonal).