Never Seize and torque values - Surprising results

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Last night there was a post about the use of never seize on driveshaft bolts. I admit that I use the stuff on just about everything and assumed that I need to back off the torque values by 10% to compensate for the reduced friction never seize provides.

Having never seen any data on how never seize impacts bolt torque values, and being an engineer, I decided to do a little test tonight.

Now first off, there are a number of ways this test can be criticized, but due to the limitations of materials and time, I think the method I used was fairly credible and semi-repeatable for a lug nut scenario.

Here is what I did.

I first rounded up some new jeep lug nuts and a ½ inch mighty fine bolt to simulate my wheel lug. I then drilled out a piece of steel and created a tapered interface for the lug to sit in using some larger drill bits and a die grinder.

I then sandwiched two pieces of rubber mud flap between the tapered interface and some high strength washers to created a squishable doughnut that I could take compressed measurements off of.

I took compressed measurements between 20 ft*lbs and 110 ft*lbs. For sequences 1-3, I used the same lug and nut with no never seize.

For Sequences 4 and 5, I used the same lug and nut, but with ample amounts of never seize on the threads and where the nut would sit in the tapered interface. Since never seize seems to get just about everywhere, I figured some would eventually end up on the mating surface of the lug nut.

For sequence 6, I used brake cleaner to remove the never seize and mimicked the 1-3 sequence. The values for this sequence was off a little, but my tapered interface was getting smoother with each sequence.

The results where so startling, that I re-ran the test with a new lug nut. Sequence 7 was new lug and dry, Sequence 8 was same lug but never seized.

Sequence 9 had never seize on the threads, but nothing on the tapered interface.

You can see the graphs for yourselves, but basically if you get never seize on the tapered interface, a 30-40 ft*lb torque using never seize is equivalent to 100 ft*lb torque without never seize.

With sequence 9, the values were very close to the dry bolt so moral of the story appears to be “don’t put never seize on the mating surface of lug nuts”.

Although more testing is required, it appears putting never seize on just the threads of a bolt may have very little impact on torque values. If I get around to it tomorrow, I’ll run some tests on a simple bolt.

Any thoughts/conclusions from the data I collected?

Adam
 
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Yes, one important thought your test should have begun with is 'never get anti-sieze or lubricant on the tapered conical mating surface of a lugnut'. It is pressure in this area (applied by the threads) that the nut relies upon to remain locked in place and therefore tight as the wheel flexes on each revolution. Never to that in practise. Using anti sieze is fine on lug nut threads, however.

DougM
 
Anybody know how to attached an Excel Spreadsheet? I can't get the forum to accept the file.

Thanks,

Adam
 
neat test, thanks for the data,

another neat one would be torque to failure, might try that one with a smaller fastener,


send the .xls to delted I'll see if I can convert it to a .jpg and attach it,
 
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Ok Adam, I'm a Aviation maintenance engineer. So I torque critical items all the time, like tail bolts etc. I'm ok with wet threads, if it's called for. But generally it isn't. When I torque props it is. Part of the torque. They want it on all parts of the mating area.

mating surfaces such as my tail attach points are like lugnut taper areas. If you put a lube in there you could have problems with the torque changing. As the molecules can be displaced at a later time, or evaporate, thus changing the torque.

I personally like to wire brush my threads(lugnut) and put the nuts on clean. After if you are concerned of corrosion smear a little grease on the outside. If the lugnut is properly torqued each time, I see no reason why it should be impossible to remove at later date. I rotate my tires and switch year to year with winters/summer tires,
 
If you're saying what I think you're saying, I'm not suprised. As far as I understand, when torquing a lug nut, for instance, the ft-lb you are applying with the wrench is meant to achieve a certain clamping force. If you change the equation by applying no seize (lubrication), I think it will take you more degrees/revolutions to achieve the same ft-lb, and you will be changing the clamping force, therefore the clamping force will be higher than intended.
 
The Torque-Stress relationship (T=KDP) in threaded fasteners is highly variable in the friction coefficient and as such using torque to measure fastener stress is a method loosing favor in industry.

Your test piece looks a lot like a normal field test fixture, substitute a Skidmore for your piece of rubber and you are there.

Hydraulic tensioning using ultrasonic measurement of actual fastener elongation is more the norm in my industry for critical fasteners:

1bolt_tensioning.jpg


Somewhat interesting reading:
http://www.cisc-icca.ca/publications/technical/design/hsbolting/
 
I just wanted to say nice test. This is what makes this board so great.
 
Yes... thanks for a little more objective conclusion than my results gave...I damn near wrecked my back trying to remove the torqued lug bolts on my alloy LX450 rims that had been treated with "never seize" ... won't do that ever again! Keep them clean and dirt free BUT don't put never seize on them. Incidentally that was on alloy rims that are softer and the bolts get a strong "bite" on them ... you might get a way with applying never seize easier on steel rims....but personally I stay away from it on the wheel lugs...


thanks!!

(had a big debate about this on the LCOOL ... I was accused of everything from idiocy to being a troll for pointing this out...anyway - I am not changing my mind about it - leave the neverseize off the lugs!)
 
After taking care of family obligations this morning, I continued the test for a straight threaded fastener. Nothing to do with lug nuts today.

I will forward my excel file and hopefully Raven Tai can convert it to a downloadable file. I tried last night and gave up at 0300. That is why I’m a Mechanical Engineer and not Computer Science.

Anyway, the first victim today was a ½ might fine bolt. I used the same assembly as last night but added a hardened washer for the nut to rotate against. After getting these values, I applied never seize to only the threads on the bolt and repeated the test. Based on the results, never seize provides about a 25% increase in clamping force for a fine thread ½ inch fastener.

I did a second test with a ½ inch Grade 8 course threaded fastener and never seize provided a 40% increase in clamping force. I stopped the test on this one after the nylon cords in my rubber doughnut started to break and the results quickly went non-linear.

Again, take the results as a test, but not the final gospel on the impact of using never seize. I will surely continue using the stuff, but be more careful about how and where I apply it.

Hopefully we can get the graphs posted up so you can see the data points for yourself.

Adam R.
 
My smaller Skidmore is IIRC a model H, 170,000 pounds of bolt-tension, it maybe too large to net usable data? I run it with a 1.25" hardened test bolt to performance test smaller impacts. Will try it dry, greased and antiseize with my 250 lb torque wrench on Monday to see what difference it shows.
skid.webp
 
If you can do the test and measure actual bolt elongation it would be good. I think most head tightening sequences have now gone away from the tension to "145" ft/lbs etc, to tension to 20 ft/lbs then turn 90 degrees, turn 90 degrees, turn 45 degrees etc. This give a predetermined tension calculated on fastener elongation.
 
You guys have a lot of time on your hands... but I'm really happy to know you're out there and only wish you lived closer to me!

How about a practical concern with never-sieze and climate. Living in the northeast almost guarantees any bolt not removed in a 24 month window will need to be cut off or heated. For that reason, I use never-sieze on just about everything except lug nuts or drivetrain hardware - those I grease - although I can't really say why. Old habits? In general, I never put a bolt in dry anywhere.

Any sage advice on never-sieze vs grease?
 
Adam I added connecting lines to make them a bit easier to read I hope you don't mind,

Adams data:
AS1.webp
AS2.webp
 
More:
AS3.webp
AS4.webp
 
I think I have some similar data from Bosch or someplace, I'll try to look for it. IIRC, it specified new bolts with oil from manufacturing on them as the proper starting point. My preference is a light coat of grease on the threads only, I think Doug started me on that path.

After some especially challenging wrenching last night (tranny mount on a '96 Passat), I vowed to find some low-strength locktite in a stick today. That should seal up the threads and minimize corrosion without lubricating. I've found grease and antiseize wash away in many applications. I used medium strength locktite last night, God help whoever has to break those bolts loose, you can barely get a combo wrench on them after dropping the subframe and engine.
 
FYI - Structural steel bolts are torqued with a "damp" thread. Obviously anti-sieze isn't desired, and neither are dry threads.

Forgot to add, we use a Direct Tension Indicator (DTI) to measure the tension on the bolt, as opposed to torque. The DTI is basically a washer with "nubs". When the nubs are crushed to a certain clearance, the bolt is considered tightened.
 
RavenTai,

Thanks for posting those for me. The line are fine.

In case anyone is having trouble deciphering:

The compresses thickness is synonymous with clamping force with my test set up.

For equivalent clamping forces (same compressed thickness) look down at the torque values to see the measured delta with my torque wrench.


Thanks,

Adam
 
FYI - Structural steel bolts are torqued with a "damp" thread. Obviously anti-sieze isn't desired, and neither are dry threads.

Depends on who's structure you are talking about, aircraft torques are for "clean and dry threads unless otherwise specified"
 

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