Synthetic winch line. 5/16 or 3/8?

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As a (semi) professional sailor I have a ton of experience with Spectra/Dyneema (same thing). We use Amsteel (and other brands of) dyneema for many, many purposes these days. It has completely replaced wire rope on modern sailboats, and is starting to replace more and more steel components on boats (shackles, turnbuckles, etc).

A couple comments:

Amsteel advertised "average breaking strength" is conservative. When we've destructively tested brand new Amsteel it tends to break at much higher than the rated strength--often close to twice the strength.

Amsteel does not appear to degrade appreciably in the sun. I'm sure it will eventually, but we do not consider it to be something that needs replacement simply due to UV exposure. It is considered an acceptable substitute for wire lifelines, which live in the sun constantly. We use it to attach mast rigging (instead of turnbuckles) where it lives in the sun constantly. These are very critical applications, yet UV is not a factor for replacement (only chafe).

Amsteel loves being used at high percentages of its breaking strength. We commonly use it at or near the rated strength, and I've never seen it break except due to chafe.

Amsteel will lose its color (fade), and will "fuzz up". Both of these are acceptable. The manufacturer (Sampson) advises that it should be replaced when it loses 25% of its bulk.

And of course, Amsteel doesn't kill you or other people around when it breaks, and can be handled without leather gloves...

It truly is a wonder material. You should feel confident using it. 5/16" or 3/8" is your choice based on winch size, but don't feel you need to go "oversize".

It also turns out that spectra is extremely chafe resistant, and to prevent chafe on lines, the best thing to use is.... spectra. But chafe is the enemy of synthetic lines, so don't let the line get cut through by sharp metal.

HOWEVER: Spectra has one weakness, which is that it loses strength at a relatively low temperature (around 270F). Not typically a problem for truck winching, but worth keeping in mind (ie, don't let it touch engine or exhaust parts).
 
Is it that our friendly 4x4 winch suppliers are betting we're not going to be on the first layer of the drum every time we're using the winch?
 
HOWEVER: Spectra has one weakness, which is that it loses strength at a relatively low temperature (around 270F). Not typically a problem for truck winching, but worth keeping in mind (ie, don't let it touch engine or exhaust parts).

I'll add one more to that list. My understanding is that since the fibers don't hardly stretch at all, sharp bends in the rope can significantly reduce the strength of the overall rope. (As the strands on one "side" of the rope don't carry much of the force).
 
Actually, spectra can handle pretty sharp bends, no problem. In many applications on the big boats ferrules are replacing blocks because spectra runs so readily over smooth surfaces (and the ferrules have a turning radius not much larger than the diameter of spectra being used).

In some destructive testing we did, amsteel always failed in the middle of the line--not at the splice or at the shackle pin. We even tried some small shackles (sharp bend) and broke the shackle first.

You do not need to worry about loss of strength over "sharp" bends such as a shackle pin (as long as there are no snags or cutting surfaces).

Spectra is, by the way, much "stretchier" than wire rope but very low stretch compared to most rope materials. There are other rope materials that are lower stretch (kevlar, vectran, pbo, etc) but none of them offer the UV resistance and considerable hardiness of spectra.

There are some very low stretch forms of spectra available ("Dux" is an example) that compare to kevlar/vectran, but they are very expensive and pointless for winching purposes.

Sorry to ramble--it is just that spectra is turning out to be somewhat revolutionary in modern sailboats and is causing for a lot of changes in how grand prix boats are rigged as everyone becomes aware and comfortable with its properties.
 
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