This really depends on where you are staying and how much time you have
I'll only list the ones i've been to.... which was all of them when I left but i'm sure there is at least 7 more since then.
South side of the city
Sugar Creek
Olde Meck
Lenny Boy
Triple C
Sycamore
Unknown
Wooden Robot
North side of city
Birdsong
Rock Bottom
Free Range
Heist
Noda
Bold Missery
D9
Ass Clown
(last two aren't technically in Charlotte)
There are many more in the surrounding areas but i'll just focus on the Charlotte Metro area
From drinking with you for almost 10 years now i'd say skip Sugar Creek and Olde Meck, not really your style of beer.
If you are looking for sours then Lenny Boy or Ass Clown are your go to.
Good dark (stout/porter) then Ass Clown, Wooden Robot, Sycamore and Triple C
Ipas, most have a good selection but Unknown, Triple C, Noda, wooden robot and Bird Song stand out.
My two favorites from the south and north would be.
Wooden Robot
Sycamore
Ass Clown
Noda
Most of them have few staples that are their year round but the ale breweries are also very experimental and switch it up weekly for the most part so I can't really recommend my favorite beers from each as i'm pretty sure they don't make them anymore. Doh!
There are also some awesome bars with huge selections that I could recommend if you want.
I'm sure some of the new ones I haven't been to yet will get mentioned by some of the great guys and gals that actually live there still.