DGPS - Differential Global Positioning System

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Some people can read maps, and some can't. I can read a map just fine. This thread isn't about MAPS, so either stay on subject or go post somewhere else.


Oh, sorry, did I forget to add my :D smiley as you did with your "Hence.. 2-3 GPS units in your vehicle :D" comment? Personally I don't I don't think it's worth buying multiple GPS units for casual use. If you want to spend your cash buying 2 or 3 GPS units for yourself more power to you. But as Capt. Jim pointed out GPS units can fail and even GPS units caution users to not solely rely on the GPS.
 
That is definitely true. However, tech junkies like me, just MIGHT have several GPS units..... :D I have two now, and a 3rd hand held for getting out of the cruiser to hike off somewhere if need be.

Off topic, but I saw a ham guy on MUD post a picture of the inside of his 40, and it had about 6 radios, laptop and probably more..... so I aint THAT sick!! :grinpimp:
 
tech junkies like me, just MIGHT have several GPS units..... :D I have two now, and a 3rd hand held for getting out of the cruiser to hike off somewhere if need be.

Fire all three GPS units and compare positions. It will be interesting to see how similar, or dis-similar they are. I have been on boats with two GPS units, and each one gave a different position. The difference was greater than the separation distance between the two GPS antennas.
 
Navigation Toys

I've been following this thread for a bit and have enjoyed the discussion. I would like to add my two cents worth and my suggestions for land nav toys to have with you. GPS is a cool tool and I wouldn't be in the woods without one, but as a search and rescue coordinator for our local sheriff's office I've seen a few common errors that people make with them.

1) Don't know how to use it. This isn't just about turning them on and reading your coordinates or adding waypoints, but understanding such terms as "map datum" and how to interpret what the unit is saying to you. I can't tell you how many times I've asked someone for a position report and they give me a Lat/Lon. I then ask what datum they are using and the reply is something like, "Datawhat??"

2) Over reliance on the GPS unit. This is about people who think the GPS unit is going to give them turn by turn instructions to camp. While this is probably coming in much the same way it has in street mapping, its not here yet.

We had a rescue on Mt. Hood a few years ago where a lost climber and his buddy were stuck in whiteout conditions up on the mountain. They had a GPS, but the batteries died (they also didn't know how to use it, which by that time was sort of moot). They didn't have a map or compass.

Had they had a working GPS they could have plotted their position, even in the whiteout. Had they a map, they could have seen where they are in relation to the lodge and the warm fire and determined a bearing to follow. Had they a compass, they could have shot the bearing the map gave them and walked to the lodge. Had they only a map and compass, they could have made an educated guess as to their position (remember, they are on a somewhat narrow climbing route) and still made it out. Instead, we had to wake up a bunch of people and go rescue them.

3) Lack of basic map and compass skills. Learning to navigate by dead-reckoning without a compass is a vital skill, as is learning how to quickly and efficiently shoot a bearing, take a bearing and determine your location using a map and compass together. This teaches terrain awareness and provides a useful skill for use when the batteries go dead.

I won't argue about DGPS or WAAS other than to say I've never needed accuracy any better than what my standard GPS provided. There really are very few maps that have usable resolution down to less than 10 meters anyway. I live in the Pacific NW and tree canopy and weather are continual gremlins when using GPS, but I can usually walk a few meters in one direction or another and get a lock. I don't rely on my GPS for altitude data, instead relying on the barometric altimeter in my watch.

As far as essentials, I have two GPS units with me most of the time. One is a handheld (Garmin Etrex)that stays in my pack (along with spare batteries) and the other is hard mounted to the mother board of my laptop, which stays in my truck.
I always carry a map of the area that I'm traveling through. This is usually a 1:24,000 USGS Quad Map that I printed out using software. Occasionally, I will also have a forestry map if one is available. I carry a Silva Ranger Compass that has a sighting mirror and built in grid reader for accurately plotting my position. I wear a Suunto Vector watch, which provides a pretty accurate altimeter and a backup electronic compass, should I drop the Silva somewhere. (The watch is kind of a luxury, but I like it) Along with a pencil to write on the map, I'm pretty well covered with that set of equipment.

Doug
 
FlyingDog5000 you're right - everyone who really does back country travel should be versed in map and compass work as well as being able to use and understand a GPS. I was a navigation man in the service and my basis was map & compass. All other navigational aids were built on top of that firm grasp of how to find out where I was, where I was going etc. When you use a GPS with that kind of background, you use it differently in my opinion. The GPS plots a direct line, unless you have a waypoint by waypoint trail you're following for your turns etc. If it plots a straight line, 99% of the time it's not a straight line to the object, and it is essential to have a map of the area to see what obstacles you will need to work around in the terrain. GPS is another tool in the toolbox. DGPS is added upon that tool, to help keep your accuracy up even under foul conditions. The more tools I have in my navigational toolbox, the better. Just like my Land Cruiser with traction devices. The more I have the better - good tires, traction control, lockers, gears etc... all that adds up to a better chance at success in the end. In navigation, it's the same.
 
A quote from Lowrance:

Effective May 2, 2000 selective availability (S/A) has been eliminated. The United States Department of Defense now has the technology to localize the control system to deny GPS signals to selected areas. It is not often that your electronics products increase in value after you've purchased them. Now boaters, aviators, drivers, hikers, hunters, and outdoor enthusiasts of all types can locate their position up to ten times more precisely (within 10 to 20 meters) and navigate their way through unfamiliar terrain. Anglers can now return to their favorite spot on a lake or river instead of just their favorite area. A Lowrance GPS receiver in combination with advanced technology of today's GPS management will take you anywhere you want to go.

The decision to allow civilians so much accuracy in location information was finally made because GPS is continually playing a more important role in the lives of people around the world - it's becoming a national utility. GPS is the global standard in navigation because it is completely free of charge to the public.

Differential GPS (DGPS)

Differential GPS, or DGPS, has been developed to improve GPS accuracy to within a few meters. DGPS was originally initiated by the U.S. Coast Guard to counter the accuracy degradation caused by Selective Availability. Even with S/A now eliminated, DGPS continues to be a key tool for highly precise navigation on land and sea. DGPS technology adds a land-based reference receiver – located at an accurately surveyed site – to the other GPS components. This non-moving DGPS reference station knows where the satellites are located in space at any given moment, as well as its own exact location. This allows the station to compute theoretical distance and signal travel times between itself and each satellite. When those theoretical measurements are compared to actual satellite transmissions, any differences represent the error in the satellite's signal. All the DGPS reference station has to do is transmit the error factors to your DGPS receiver, which gives the information to the GPS receiver so it can use the data to correct its own measurements and calculations.

The two most common sources of corrective DGPS signals currently are: (1) Coast Guard, land-based beacon transmitters, broadcasting the data at no charge to the public, covering all coastal areas and much of the inland USA as well; and (2) FM radio sub carrier transmissions available both in coastal and inland areas, but limited to paid subscribers. In order to receive DGPS correction data from Coast Guard beacon transmitters, a mobile GPS unit requires a separate beacon receiver. And to receive FM sub carrier DGPS signals from local subscriber radio stations, the GPS unit requires a separate FM receiver, normally the size of a pager. Naturally, your GPS unit must have the capability to both receive and process DGPS data. Most Lowrance GPS receivers are DGPS ready.

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

GPS is plenty accurate for route navigation, but the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has special need for aircraft traffic control that go beyond basic GPS. The FAA has a plan under way to boost GPS performance even further with its Wide Area Augmentation System, or WAAS. This GPS add-on will include a time control element that will help airliners fly closer together while avoiding collisions. In addition to carefully spacing airplanes along travel corridors, WAAS will eventually make instrument landings and takeoffs more accurate as it replaces existing aviation navigation systems.

Non aviators can use WAAS signals to make their GPS navigation even more accurate. However, WAAS has some limits you should know about.

First, the U.S. government has not completed construction of the WAAS system, so it is not yet fully operational. The ground stations are in place, but only a few of the needed WAAS satellites have been launched.

WAAS can boost the accuracy of land GPS navigation, but the system is designed for aircraft. The satellites are in a fixed orbit around the Equator, so they appear very low in the sky to someone on the ground in North America. Aircraft and vessels on open water can get consistently good WAAS reception, but terrain, foliage or even large man-made structures frequently block the WAAS signal from ground receivers.

You'll find that using your GPS receiver without WAAS is both easy and amazingly accurate. It's easily the most accurate method of electronic navigation available to the general public today. Remember, however, that this receiver is only a tool. Always have another method of navigation available, such as a map or chart and a compass.
 
It came off the current Lowrance web site.
 
Dig out the maps..... :D

Which brings me to something. I have used my Global Map 100 for several years without problem, but they don't make this model anymore which is very unfortunate. So I was browsing CRAIGS LIST one day and saw one... excellent condition, all the papers, box etc for $50! So I contacted the guy right away and bought it. So I now have two of my favorite GPS, and two DGPS antennas. Too bad I cannot find a spare beacon receiver. Lowrance stopped building them and they're scarce.
 
I use DGPS on a daily basis and have been since the original Coast Guard Beacon stations went into service. Wouldn't be without it - when I'm mapping features to submeter accuracy!

For use in a vehicle/on trail - you're wasting your time and most modern WAAS capable receivers are better than the map data you are trying route on.

However, if you really want to do it right - go to H-Star!
 
The whole point of this thread was to introduce non-users to DGPS, as well as alert that the national DGPS system is in threat of decomission. Just in case anyone is interested in preserving this resource. The US Coast guard transmitters would remain, just the national inland service (which I enjoy having) is threatened.
 

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