At the risk of being wrong, I'll toss in my idea. I was reading the other day about an EGR system removal. In the thread someone showed how they had moved one of their VSV's (Vacuum Servo Valves, I believe) and relay to the intake manifold. Another commenter stated that he'd removed all 3 of his with no ill effects. Then the prior poster expained the purpose of the one he retained; that when the engine is hot the ECU will send a signal to the relay to open this VSV which in turn sends vacuum to the fuel pressure regulator to increase fuel pressure for easier restarts when the engine is hot. I imagine bumping the starter shoots fuel in there so that when you hit it again it starts easier?
Now I don't know which one is which, but it should be pretty easy to figure out when you get under the hood. Mind you all the other threads I've read state they've removed the VSV without issues. Anyway, worth a look?
Generally with fuel injection pressure is always supposed to stay within a small window. For example and LS1 will operate best around 55 psi +/- 3~5 psi. A GM throttle body 11-14 psi. Usually the regular opens to adjust flow buts maintain the same PSI. As you apply throttle the regulator opens up as fuel is needed to maintain the set PSI for the motor at whatever volume is needed. If the vsv is signalling the regulator it would be to increase or restrict flow not pressure. Your pressure shouldn't change. A weak pump can show a drop in pressure as the quickly throttle is opened. A slight change is expected but it shouldn't be drastic
The regulator will open as demand for fuel increases. If the pump is weak there will be a delay before the pressure catches up. All the pumps for these systems have the potential to build much more pressure and volume than is needed but the regulator keeps injector pressure constant by sending excess fuel back through the return. Without looking up the numbers for your
engine I would expect somewhere in the range of at least 45 -50 lbs going by most of the Toyota systems I've owned. If yours
runs at 48 psi at idle, for example, you could expect pressures to drop or raise 3 or 4 points in a healthy system as you open and close the throttle quickly but you wouldn't want to see it drop to 20psi under load.
On many systems bumping the starter cycles the fuel pump so if there is , for some reason, a low pressure situation in the fuel
lines or rails cycling the pump would repressurize the lines. A tight regulator should hold pressure in the lines after the pump
stops. If not the regulator then the fuel pump. Between the two there is usually a check valve somewhere that prevents
leak down in the system. If fuel is back feeding from the lines each start will take longer cranking times than normal to start
as the fuel has to be drawn back from the tank with each start.