She's alive again.
What it looks like happened, is that I plugged up the first filter (an inline filter that I added). Then, I replaced that with a bigger one. However, it seems that the bigger one is more restrictive. Even with a new and clean one and straight diesel, when I rev the engine by hand, I can see that there is vacuum. When revved, the handle on the primer pump gets sucked down and the engine dies. The handle will return slowly. If you crack a line after the filter, the handle immediately pops back up. If you crack it before the filter, it comes back up very slowly. To further prove the theory, I start the engine and revved it a couple of times until the handle dropped and it started to sputter. I then opened it to full throttle and the filter imploded.
Now, I just need to find something less restrictive.