you just pull the plugwires out of the dizzy cap and move each one to the next terminal, in order. Either direction, your choice, depending on if you need to advance or retard. Theoretically, you can rotate the housing to wherever you need to as long as the rotor is under sparkplug wire #1 at TDC
So, if you only see the marks when the housing is rotated clockwise, then( and I'm doing this from memory and don't have an engine in front of me) you need to pull and rotate the rotor a tooth clockwise to get the marks in the window when you are not fully retarding the timing. I think.
LandCruiser gauges are notoriously inaccurate and slow to register. Little more than warning lights that move. That should concern you. I much prefer real gauges that read in numbers. I am convinced that every engine benefits from improved read-outs. A mechanical oil pressure gauge and real...
Sometimes, even a blind pig finds the acorn.
While you are fiddling with timing also check the function of your dizzy advance diaphragm(s). They are known to leak (mine did). I got a custom replacement from @4Cruisers. I made my own stop-pin bushing out of 1/4" air line I had lying around, now...
I am thinking "No". It's up too high on the carb and I think that the plunger has to communicate with atmosphere for the plunger to be able to move up and down freely. I think that in order to check with smoke you would want to remove the carb from manifold, seal up the big hole left over and...
So, with the engine running, you rotated the body of the dizzy back and forth and could not see the BB with the timing light? In that case you probably need to re-stab the dizzy one tooth over one way or another.
I don't know. I've never tried it. Do we know you don't have them? Do new ones come in a gasket kit? One would think that the head bolts would align the head adequately anyway.